History of Agriculture Science
INTRODUCTION OF AGRICULTURE |
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| Introduction of Agriculture |
Terminology :-
The
word Agriculture is derived from Latin
words viz. agre, referring to soil and culture,
to its cultivation. Therefore, the term agriculture means the cultivation of land
i,e, the science and art of production crop and livestock for economic
purposes, It is also referred to as the science of producing crops and livestock
from the natural resources of the earth.
History of Agriculture Science
1.
Van Helmet (1577 – 1644 A.D.) :
Experiments pertaining to plant nutrition in a systematic way and concluded that
the main principle of vegetation is water.
2.
Jethro Tull (1674 – 1741 A.D.) :
Conducted several experiments and published the book “Horse Hoeing Husbandry”.
His experiment was mostly on cultural practices and they led to the
development of seed drill & horse-drawn cultivator.
3.
Arthur young (1740 – 1820 A.D.)
: Conducted ‘pot culture experiments’ to
increase the yield of crops by applying materials like poultry dung, litter,
gunpowder etc.
4.
In 1809
soil science began with the formulation of the theory of humus.
5.
Research in plant nutrition & physiology
was started in the 18th century.
6.
Sir Humphry Davy published cook “ Elements
of agricultural chemistry” in 1813.
7.
Sir John Bennet Laws began to
experiment on the effects of manure on crops.
8.
A truly scientific approach tp
farming was started in 1840 by Justus von Liebig. Has classical work on
agricultural chemistry and physiology launched systematic development of
agriculture
9.
In 1842, Laws patented a process of
treating phosphate tool to produce superphosphate and thus initiated the
synthetic fertilizer industry.
10. Gregor
Johann Mendel (1866): discover the law of heredity and the ways to cause
mutations led to modern plant breeding.
11. In
1876, Charles Derwin published the results of the experiments in cross and
self-fertilization in plants,
12. Since
1920, the application of genetics to develop new strains of plants and animals
brought major changes in agriculture.
13. The first successful tractor was built in US 1892, Farm implements & machinery
were manufactured industrially in a large scalar by 1930.
14. Due
to economical pressure in labor availability, the application of electricity
to agriculture was in 1920.
15. The
first successful large scale conquest of a pest by chemical means was tue
control of grapevine powdery mildew in
Europe in 1840. DDT was first synthesized in 1874 by Dr. Paul Muller
16. The key date in the history of agricultural research and education is
1862 when the US Congress set up departments of agriculture & provided for
colleges of agriculture in each state.
17. Scientific
agriculture began in India when Sugarcane, Cotton & Tobacco were grown for
export purposes.
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